MOTS-c

MOTS-c Product Overview MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide originally identified from a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA region. Nuforme supplies 10mg of synthetic MOTS-c as lyophilized material in a single vial. The supplied research material corresponds to the published human MOTS-c sequence. It is synthetically manufactured and is not extracted directly from mitochondria. Product Specifications Product name: MOTS-c Full name: Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c Amount: 10mg Sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR Sequence length: 16 amino acids CAS number: 1628958-23-7 Parent-peptide formula: C101H152N28O22S2 Approximate molecular weight: 2174.6 Da Format: Lyophilized material Container: Single vial Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research MOTS-c belongs to a group of short peptides associated with mitochondrial-to-cellular communication. Unlike proteins encoded by nuclear DNA and transported into mitochondria, the endogenous MOTS-c sequence originates from a small open reading frame within mitochondrial DNA. Research involving MOTS-c has examined how mitochondrial-derived signals may participate in cellular adaptation to changes in nutrient availability, energy demand and metabolic stress. Metabolic-Signalling Research Cellular and animal studies have associated MOTS-c exposure with changes in folate and methionine-cycle metabolism, intracellular AICAR accumulation and AMPK signalling. AMPK is a cellular energy-sensing pathway involved in coordinating metabolic responses when energy availability changes. The relationship between MOTS-c and AMPK is model-dependent and should not be interpreted as a universal property across all tissues, experimental systems or conditions. Nuclear Translocation and Stress Response Experimental studies have reported that MOTS-c may translocate to the nucleus under certain forms of metabolic stress. Within these models, nuclear MOTS-c has been investigated in connection with stress-responsive transcription and adaptive gene-expression programs. The precise molecular targets, transport mechanisms and pathway hierarchy involved in this response remain active areas of investigation. Potential Research Areas Folate and methionine-cycle analysis AICAR and AMPK-signalling studies Cellular glucose-uptake assays Metabolic-flux experiments Mitochondrial-to-nuclear signalling Nuclear-translocation studies Cellular responses to oxidative or metabolic stress Skeletal-muscle cell models Comparative mitochondrial-derived peptide research Peptide stability and degradation analysis Analytical identity, purity and content testing Evidence Limitations Published MOTS-c intervention studies consist predominantly of cell-based and animal research. Human studies examining naturally occurring MOTS-c levels, genetic variants or exercise-associated changes do not establish the safety or effectiveness of externally supplied MOTS-c. Findings concerning metabolism, body composition, exercise performance, age-related processes or cellular stress must not be interpreted as evidence of a therapeutic effect in humans. Analytical Considerations Peptide identity may be evaluated using mass spectrometry, while chromatographic methods such as HPLC or UPLC can be used to examine purity and related impurities. Quantitative peptide content should be assessed separately because chromatographic purity does not by itself establish the amount of peptide present in a vial. Relevant analytical considerations can include methionine oxidation, truncated or deletion sequences, aggregation, residual water and counterion content. The stated molecular formula and molecular weight refer to the parent peptide; measured values may vary depending on salt form, counterions and hydration state. Researchers should consult the documentation for the individual batch when confirming identity, purity, peptide content and analytical methods. Storage and Handling Store the unopened vial according to the conditions stated on the product label and applicable batch documentation. Keep the material sealed and protected from light, heat and moisture. Laboratory handling and disposal should follow an approved institutional protocol. For laboratory research only. Not for human consumption or veterinary use. This product is not a drug, medication, supplement or cosmetic and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.